Our Approach
Legislators and enforcement authorities are increasingly faced with the challenge of ensuring the effectiveness of laws. This is particularly true in the area of technology law, which is characterised by a complex interplay of legal, technical, economic and social factors and an extremely dynamic pace of development. The consent banner is a notorious example: Instead of enabling consumers to make a real decision as to how much privacy they want in exchange for certain product functionalities, most consumers click away these banners without having understood its meaning. The underlying reason for this is of a methodological nature: which methods can be used to empirically prove and ensure more effective laws?
With our interdisciplinary methods, we are making an important contribution to closing this knowledge gap. We do this in particular by developing working prototypes for legal-technical solutions, such as consent banners and consent agents, and validating their effectiveness empirically with qualitative studies (for hypothesis creation) and quantitative studies (for verifying them). By comparing different solutions in quantitative A/B tests, we are able to determine which solution is more effective than others and, thus, which solution represents the so-called State of the Art, as required under Art. 25 sect. 1 GDPR.
HOW DO WE MEASURE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CONSENT
Through our human-centred multi-stakeholder processes, we ensure that we take into account the interests of all affected stakeholders, in particular, consumers, businesses, and regulators. With the evidence we provide, we endeavour to stimulate a positive development dynamic on the market towards ever more effective legislation. In this way, we aim to help realise the full potential of data-driven innovation for the benefit of real-live European values.
Research Results
Quantitative Study
2024–2025
In this four-week field study with over 1.000 laypersons across Europe, we tested how different consent processes affect the consent rate in an A/B/n test.
This study focussed on consent agents, which the internet industry fears will cause consent rates to plummet.
The result of this study was that the consent rate for certain consent agent designs not only remained stable in comparison to current best practice cookie banners, but was even significantly higher for certain processing purposes.
Publication in progress.
Legal Study
2024
In this legal study, together with my colleague, Dr Nina Herbort, we analysed various regulatory options for online advertising, in particular personalised advertising.
Among other aspects, we analysed the current legal framework, from the GDPR, the ePrivacy Directive, the Digital Markets Act and the AI Act to the Political Targeting Regulation.
The result of this study was that the development of a much clearer and consolidated legal framework may create a market dynamic towards ever more privacy-friendly technologies. However, if this market-oriented approach should prove unenforceable in practice, the report recommends banning the personalisation of advertising as a fallback solution.
Quantitative Study
2024
In this quantitative study, we tested in an A/B/n test how well consent banner designs inform laypersons about the risks of processing their data when they are designed using legal design methods.
Among other things, privacy icons and various consent agent designs were used to enable laypeople to manage information overload and consent fatigue.
The expected result was that these legal design techniques had a positive impact on the laypeople’s awareness of the processing risks. The results also suggest that website operators with a particularly high level of privacy may even increase the consent rate compared to websites causing more privacy risks.
Publication in progress.
Quantitative Study
2023–2024
In this quantitative study, we tested how well consent banners designed according to current best practice rules informed laypeople about the risks of data processing.
The expected result was that even such consent banners provided laypersons with very inadequate information, so that even these banner designs can hardly be considered ‘effective’ in the sense of Art. 25 para. 1 GDPR.
Qualitative Study
2018–2020
This qualitative study yielded three results surrounding the principle of purpose limitation in data protection law:
Laypeople have a nuanced understanding of the potential risks posed by the processing of their data.
The way in which purposes are specified in current privacy policies does not exclude these risks from their perspective, but rather confirms that all of them are present.
However, by using these risk categories, purposes could be specified in such a way that they better explicate existing risks and more clearly exclude non-existent risks.
Qualitative Study
Prototyping
2018–2020
Against the background of existing quantitative studies, in which most respondents rejected tracking and personalisation as such, we asked in this qualitative study about the causes of this attitude.
Surprisingly, most respondents saw added value in personalisation, in principle; however, due to the opaque and deceptive design of current consent mechanisms, no respondent felt able to make real decisions for or against personalisation.
However, a first prototype with an on/off switch for personalisation combined with a privacy dashboard showed that more user-friendly designs may empower laypeople to make more effective privacy decisions.
Qualitative Study
Design Study
2018–2023
In this almost five-year research and development process, we developed a process and a methodology for designing more effective privacy information and user controls.
At the centre of this project was the development of Privacy Icons that were deemed to inform laypeople more effectively about the processing of their data, depending on different usage scenarios - from consent banners, to privacy policies, to consent agents.
The results formed the basis for the subsequent development of a fully functional consent agent (link zu YPL) and privacy dashboard (link zu SiD).
Qualitative Study
Legal Analysis
2013–2016
In this four-year research project, we analysed the effects of regulation on innovation processes as part of a so-called Startup Law Clinic.
One example of this was the principle of purpose limitation in data protection law, which many critics consider to be opposed to the open-endedness of innovation processes.
The surprising result of this study was that the purpose limitation principle is a regulatory instrument that is, in fact, very open to innovation and, in combination with co-regulatory mechanisms such as certification processes, may even promote data-driven innovation.
Building on the Consenter project (Your Privacy Lawyer), we supplement the Consent Agent and Consent Banner developed with user-friendly data subject rights. A so-called Privacy Dashboard enables consumers to understand, with a few clicks, why personalised content is being displayed to them and to adapt these parameters to their needs. The Privacy Dashboard thus provides a visual, common interface through which websites and advertisers can disclose to consumers their advertising profiles.
Visit websiteIn this project, we are solving the current cookie banner problem by developing user-friendly consent procedures. A central element is a consent agent that helps consumers to better understand their data protection risks and to decide accordingly, while avoiding consent fatigue. The project is also creating a certification programme that guarantees consumers and companies that the data collected will be treated in accordance with the GDPR.
Visit websiteIn this project, we developed interdisciplinary concepts and methods in a team of lawyers, UX and UI designers as well as social scientists, which can be used to develop user-friendly privacy measures and empirically test their effectiveness. In doing so, we developed prototypes, in particular for user-friendly transparency measures (including privacy icons) and usable choice architectures.
Visit website9. Quartalstreffen im Reallabor Antrieb 4.0. Forschungsvereinigung Elektrotechnik beim ZVEI e.V. gefördert durch das Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz. Online, Berlin, Germany: 05.12.2024, Max von Grafenstein, Maurice Stenzel
Smart Country Convention – Digitales Berlin. Bitkom e.V.. hub27, Messe Berlin, Berlin, Germany: 16.10.2024
Genshagener Kreis e.V. Berlin. Stiftung Genshagen, Im Schloss, Genshagen, Deutschland: 22.11.2022 more information
Data Commons & the Law. Humboldt Institut für Internet und Gesellschaft, Berlin, online: 27.10.2022
DatenTag: Daten gegen Dienstleistung. Stiftung Datenschutz. ESMT, Berlin, Germany: 25.05.2022 more information
DatenTag: Das TTDSG und neue Wege zur Einwilligungsverwaltung. Stiftung Datenschutz. Historische Kassenhalle im Humboldt Carré, Berlin, Germany: 03.11.2021 more information
Forum Verbraucherinformatik 2021: Verbraucherdatenschutz – Technik und Regulation zur Unterstützung des Individuums (Session: Ethische/rechtliche Überlegungen zu interdisziplinärem, digitalen Daten- und Verbraucherschutz). Verbraucherinformatik. Online, Online, Germany: 23.09.2021, Max von Grafenstein, Timo Jakobi, Julie Heumüller, more information
European Association for Data Protection Professionals (EADPP) Conference (Session: The General Data Protection Regulation: From Compliance to Competitive Advantage). European Association for Data Protection Professionals (EADPP). Mauritslaan 49, 6129 EL Urmond, The Netherlands, Urmond, Netherland: 14.11.2019 more information
Robert Koch Forum, Berlin, Deutschland: 20.06.2019 more information
Data Governance and Smart Cities (Session: Regulation and Governance). Intereconomics / IW (German Economic Institute). Hamburgische Landesvertretung, Berlin, Deutschland: 17.06.2019 more information
CPDP 2018 Computer, Privacy and Data Protection Conference (Session: Smart City Governance: Citizens, Privacy and Services). Centre for Research into Information, Surveillance and Privacy. Area 42 Petit, Brussels, Belgium: 30.01.2019 more information
Gutachterfachtagung: Big Data: intelligente Datenanalyse für die Datenökonomie. ABIDA-Projekt. Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Berlin, Germany: 17.10.2018, Maximilian von Grafenstein, Jörg Pohle, more information
E-Stitches Berlin #3: Taking Ownership of Your Wearable’s Data. KOBA. KOBA, Berlin, Germany: 11.10.2018 more information
MyData 2017. University of Helsinki. Tallinn University, Tallinn, Latvia: 30.08.2018, Maximilian Von Grafenstein, Christina Douka
IAPP Europe Data Protection Congress 2017. IAPP. Conference Center, Brussels, Belgium: 08.11.2017
Zukunft gestalten! (Session: Aggregatoren und Plattformen). Unesco Kommission e.V.. Neue Nationalbibliothek, Berlin, Germany: 19.10.2017
Bitkom Privacy Konferenz 2017. Bitkom. Kalkscheune, Berlin, Germany: 19.09.2017, Maximilian von Grafenstein, Michael Kamps
Herbstakademie (Session: Data Protection Law). Deutsche Stiftung für Recht und Informatik. Bucerius Law School, Hamburg, Germany: 15.09.2017
National Congress for Personal Health. Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Eah Konferans Salonu. Şişli Hamidiye, Istanbul, Turkey: 03.06.2017
Annual Conference LESI2017: IP Revolution? Scenarios for the future. Licensing Executives Society. Novotel Tour Eiffel, Paris, France: 24.04.2017
EuroDIG 2016. Brussels Meeting Center, Brussels, Belgium: 09.06.2016
Startup Camp Berlin. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany: 08.04.2016
Amsterdam Privacy Conference 2015. Amsterdam Platform for Privacy Research (APPR). Oudemanhuispoort, Amsterdam, Netherlands: 24.10.2015
EVA Electronic Visualisation and the Arts (Session: Parallel session: Papers - Museum). The Chartered Institute for IT. The Davidson Building, London, United Kingdom: 09.07.2015
MAI Tagung - Museums and the internet (Session: BLOCK II: Den Außenraum erschließen). LVR-Fachbereich Kultur, LVR- Archivberatungs- und Fortbildungszentrum. DASA Arbeitswelt Ausstellung / Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA), Dortmund, Germany: 11.05.2015
Magical Startups. Magical Startups. W Hotel, Santiago de Chile, Chile: 14.01.2015
LINC Conference (Session: Break out session). Queen's University, Amsterdam, Netherland: 01.11.2014
Career Center - Humboldt Innovations Zentrum. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany: 07.01.2014
Leadership in Digitaler Kommunikation. Electronic Business School. Electronic Business School, Berlin, Germany: 25.11.2013
Future Mobility Camp Berlin 2013. EUREF Campus TU Berlin. EUREF Campus, Berlin, Germany: 26.10.2013
Stiftung Datenschutz. Stiftung Datenschutz, Leipzig, Germany: 28.05.2024 more information
Privacy Conference 2023. Bitkom e.V.. Online, Berlin, Germany: 12.10.2023 more information
Einstein Center Digital Future, Berlin, Germany: 22.11.2022 more information
Privacy Research Day. Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL). CNIL, Paris, France: 28.06.2022 more information
Computers, Privacy and Data Protection. CDPC. Online, Brussels, Belgium: 28.01.2021 more information
MyData Online. MyData Global. Online, Helsinki, Finland: 11.12.2020 more information
CPDP 2020 Computer, Privacy and Data Protection Conference. Einstein Centre Digital Future. Petite Halle, Brussels, Belgium: 22.01.2020 more information
14. Internationale Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik. Universität Siegen. Eintrachtssaal Siegerhalle, Siegen, Deutschland: 25.02.2019, Max von Grafenstein, Kai Hackbarth, Legner, Peter Mertens, Ayten Öksüz, Markus Weber, more information
CPDP2018 Computer, Privacy and Data Protection Conference. AirCloak. La Cave, Brussels, Belgium: 30.01.2019 more information
Designdiskurs: Nudging and Persuasive Design. IDZ Internationales Design Zentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany: 20.09.2018, Peter Post (Geschäftsführer der Kreativagentur Scholz & Volkmer), Prof. Dr. Max von Grafenstein (HIIG), Dr. Mira Fischer (Verhaltensökonomin), more information
KITS-Konferenz - Das strategiepolitische Forum der Koordinierungsstelle IT-Sicherheit im DIN. KITS, Berlin, Germany: 02.07.2015
5. Kongress der Modellprojekte Smart Cities 2024. Bundesministerium für Wohnen, Stadtentwicklung und Bauwesen. KOMED Köln, Cologne, Germany: 20.11.2024, Maurice Stenzel, Alexandra Auer, Max von Grafenstein, more information
Interner Workshop mit Mitgliedern des Digitalausschuss des Deutschen Bundestages zu § 26 TTDSG. Einstein Center Digital Future. Einstein Center Digital Future, Berlin, Germany: 05.06.2024
Computers, Privacy and Data Protection conference (CPDP) 2024. UdK Berlin & Einstein Center Digital Future. Maison de la Poste, Brussels, Belgium: 23.05.2024 more information
CPDP 2020 Computer, Privacy and Data Protection Conference. Area42, Brussel, Belgium: 23.01.2020 more information
CPDP2018 Computer, Privacy and Data Protection. Les Halles de Schaerbeek, Brussels, Belgium: 24.01.2018
re:publica 2017. Station, Berlin, Germany: 10.05.2017
AoIR Conference 2016 „Internet Rules!“.. Humboldt Institut für Internet und Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany: 05.10.2016
Early Stage Researcher Colloquium. Humboldt Institut für Internet und Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany: 09.10.2014, Henrike Maier, Lies van Roessel, Urs Kind, Maximilian von Grafenstein, Dr., Anett Göritz
11.06.2024. Berlin Partner für Wirtschaft und Technologie, Berlin, Germany (National), Maurice Stenzel, Maximilian von Grafenstein
Computers, Privacy and Data Protection conference (CPDP) 2024. 22.05.2024. Computers, Privacy and Data Protection conference (CPDP) 2024, Brussels, Belgium. Co-Organised by: Nexus Institut; Law & Innovation (International) more information
25.11.2023. CityLAB Berlin, Berlin, Germany (National), Luisa Kruse, Alexandra Auer, Maurice Stenzel, Maximilian von Grafenstein, more information
23.10.2023. Humboldt Institut für Internet und Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany (National), Luisa Kruse, Alexandra Auer, Maurice Stenzel, Maximilian von Grafenstein
From 26.09.2023 to 27.09.2023. Urania, Berlin, Germany. Co-Organised by: Universität Bremen, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berliner Hochschule für Technik, vediso – Verband für Digitalisierung in der Sozialwirtschaft e.V. (National), Nils Heinemann, Maximilian von Grafenstein, Jörg Pohle, more information
CPDP 2022 Computer, Privacy and Data Protection Conference. with attending Vip: Jana Krahforst, Chris Taylor, Sebastian Meissner. 23.05.2022. Area42, Brussel, Belgium (International) more information
CPDP 2022 Computer, Privacy and Data Protection Conference. with attending Vip: Jana Krahforst (fraud0), Estelle Hary (CNIL), Nina Herbort (BFDI), AbdelKarim Mardini (Google). 23.05.2022. Area42, Brussel, Belgium (International) more information
16.05.2022. Humboldt Institut für Internet und Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany (National), Maximilian von Grafenstein, Jörg Pohle, more information
From 28.10.2021 to 28.10.2021. Humboldt Institut für Internet und Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany. Co-Organised by: Alexander Dix (EAID), Frank Pallas (TU Berlin) (National), Maximilian von Grafenstein, Jörg Pohle, more information
2020 Berlin Science Week. 03.11.2020. Online, Berlin, Germany (International), Luiza Bengtsson, Mareike Lisker, Jan Sebastian Götte, Maximilian von Grafenstein, Jörg Pohle, more information
13.01.2020. Humboldt Institut für Internet und Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany (National), Maximilian von Grafenstein, Jörg Pohle
Workshop# 182: Data Governance for Smarter City Mobility at Internet Governance Forum 2019. From 28.11.2019 to 28.11.2019. Estrel Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Co-Organised by: Alina Wernick, Maximilian von Grafenstein, Li-hsien Chang, Natalie Kreindlina, Christopher Olk (International), Li-hsien Chang, Natalie Kreindlina, Alina Wernick, Maximilian von Grafenstein, more information
02.07.2019. Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society, Berlin, Germany (International), Natalie Kreindlina, Alina Wernick, Christopher Olk, Maximilian von Grafenstein
20.05.2019. Humboldt Institut für Internet und Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany (National), Kevin Klug, Maximilian von Grafenstein, Jörg Pohle, Nuri Khadem
From 15.04.2019 to 15.04.2019. Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society, Berlin, Germany (International), Alina Wernick, Christopher Olk, Maximilian von Grafenstein
01.04.2019. Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society, Berlin, Germany (National), Björn Scheuermann, Maximilian von Grafenstein, Jörg Pohle
05.11.2018. Humboldt Institut für Internet und Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany (International), Kevin Klug, Maximilian von Grafenstein, Jörg Pohle, Nuri Khadem
29.10.2018. Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle DAkkS, Berlin, Germany (National), Julian Hölzel, Maximilian von Grafenstein, Jörg Pohle, Nuri Khadem
with attending Vip: Maximilian Mayer. 10.01.2018. Humboldt Institut für Internet und Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany (International), Florian Irgmaier, Maximilian von Grafenstein, Jörg Pohle
From 07.10.2017 to 08.10.2017. Humboldt Institut for Internet and Society, sirius minds, Berlin, Germany (International), Katharina Beitz, Maximilian von Grafenstein, Thomas Schildhauer, Larissa Wunderlich
iLINC Conference. 18.05.2015. betahaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Co-Organised by: Humboldt Carré (International)
06.03.2015. Google Launchpad, München / Berlin, Germany (National)
07.07.2014. Filmakademie Baden-Württemberg, Ludwigsburg, Germany (National)
27.05.2014. Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society, Berlin, Germany (International)
12.05.2014. Electronic Media School, Babelsberg, Germany (National)
27.01.2014. Walter-Hallstein-Institut für Europäisches Verfassungsrecht, Berlin, Germany (National), Emma Peters, Maximilian von Grafenstein, Jörg Pohle, Osvaldo Saldías, Rüdiger Schwarz, Ingolf Pernice
Digital Legal Talks 2022 Law schools of Tilburg University, the University of Amsterdam, Radboud University and Maastricht University. Utrecht, De Zalen van Zeven, Utrecht, Netherlands: 24.11.2022 more information
12.02.2025, netzpolitik.org, more information
24.11.2023, Tagesspiegel, more information
03.04.2023, Tagesspiegel, more information
30.03.2023, Tagesspiegel Background, more information
17.11.2022, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, more information
24.06.2022, Tagesspiegel, more information
02.05.2019, Berliner Zeitung, more information
02.12.2019, Berliner Morgenpost, more information
19.09.2019, Citylab, more information
20.09.2017, Unternehmen heute, more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2018)
Baden-Baden: Nomos. more information
Grafenstein, M. v., & Rupp, V. (2024)
Computer Law & Security Review, 52. DOI: 10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105932 more information
Grafenstein, M. v., Kiefaber, I., Heumüller, J., Rupp, V., Graßl, P., Kolless, O., & Puzst, Z. (2024)
Computer Law & Security Review, 52. DOI: 10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105924 more information
Grassl, P., Gerber, N., & Grafenstein, M. v. (2024)
European Data Protection Law Review, 10(1), 96-104. DOI: 10.21552/edpl/2024/1/14 more information
Mihaljević, H., Müller, I., Dill, K., Yollu-Tok, A., & von Grafenstein, M. (2023)
AI & Society. DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01726-w more information
Jakobi, T., Grafenstein, M. v., Smieskol, P., & Stevens, G. (2022)
Journal of Responsible Technology, 10, 1-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2022.100029 more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2021)
European Data Protection Law Review, 7(2), 190-205. DOI: 10.21552/edpl/2021/2/8 more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2021)
European Data Protection Law Review, 7(3), 373-387. DOI: 10.21552/edpl/2021/3/6 more information
Grafenstein, M. v., Jakobi, T., & Stevens, G. (2021)
Computer Law & Security Review, 46. DOI: 10.1016/j.clsr.2022.105722 more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2020)
Datenschutz und Datensicherheit - DuD, 44(3), 172-175. more information
Grafenstein, M. v., Jakobi T., Gegner, C., Labadie, C., Mertens, P., Öksüz, A. & Stevens, G. (2020)
Business & Information Systems Engineering. more information
Grafenstein, M. v., Jakobi, T., Stevens, G., Seifert, A.-M., & Becker, M. (2020)
i-com, 19(1), 31–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/icom-2020-0004 more information
Wernick, A., Olk, C., & Grafenstein, M. v. (2020)
Technology and Regulation, 65–77. DOI: 10.26116/techreg more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2020)
European Data Protection Law Review, 6(4), 509-521. DOI: 10.21552/edpl/2020/4/7 more information
Grafenstein, M. v., Jain, A., Thorne, M., Rogers, J. et al. (2019)
ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300344 more information
Grafenstein, M. v., Wernick, A., & Olk, C. (2019)
Intereconomics, 54 (4), 228-232. DOI: 10.1007/s10272-019-0829-9 more information
Grafenstein, M. v., & Wunderlich, L. (2019)
PinG (Privacy in Germany), 8(1), 2–3. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3968996 more information
Grafenstein, M. v. & Schulz, W. (2016)
International Journal of Public Law and Policy - IJPLP. more information
Ulbricht, L. & Grafenstein, M. v. (2016)
Internet Policy Review. more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2016)
Smart World - Smart Law? Weltweite Netze mit regionaler Regulierung. Tagungsband DSRI-Herbstakademie 2016, 233-246. more information
Grafenstein, M. v., Schneider, E., Richter, N. (2015)
Kultur und Informatik: Cross Media. more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2015)
Datenschutz und Datensicherheit - DuD, 39(12), pp 789-795. more information
Dopfer, M., Grafenstein v., M., Richter, N., Schildhauer, T., Tech, R., Trifonov, S., & Wrobel, M. (2015)
HIIG Discussion Paper Series, 2015(06). more information
Ulbricht, L., & Grafenstein, M. v. (2016)
Internet Policy Review, 5(1). DOI: 10.14763/2016.1.406 more information
Schildhauer, T., Jakobi, T., & Grafenstein, M. v. (2021)
In M. Einhorn, M. Löffler, E. de Bellis, A. Herrmann, & P. Burghartz (Eds.), The Machine Age of Customer Insight. Bingley, United Kingdom: Emerald Publishing Limited. more information
Grafenstein, M. v., Heumüller, J. & Jakobi, T. (2021)
In A. Boden, T. Jakobi, G. Stevens & C. Bala, Verbraucherdatenschutz - Technik und Regulation zur Unterstützung des Individuums (pp. 1-20). Sankt Augustin, Germany: Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg. DOI: 10.18418/978-3-96043-095-7_07 more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2019)
In González-Fuster, G., van Brakel, R., & P. De Hert, Research Handbook on Privacy and Data Protection Law. Values, Norms and Global Politics, Edward Elgar Publishing, 1st Ed.. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2018)
In N., Richter, P., Jackson, & T., Schildhauer, (Eds.), Entrepreneurial Innovation and Leadership Preparing for a Digital Future (pp. 41-49). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave McMillan. more information
Pype, P., Daalderop, G., Schulz-Kamm, E., Walters, E., & Grafenstein, M. v. (2017)
In D. Watzenig & M. Horn, Automated Driving: Safer and More Efficient Future Driving (pp. 17-28). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2017)
In Gierschmann, Sibylle Dr., Schlender, Katharina, Stenzel, Rainer Dr. (Eds.), Kommentar - Datenschutzgrundverordnung, 1. Köln: Bundesanzeiger Verlag. more information
Kreutzer, S., Heimer, T., Nachtigall, H., Pschorn, L., Bauer, F., Blind, K., Martin, N., Grafenstein, M. v., Streblow, R., Du, J. & Schölzel, J. (2024)
Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University. DOI: 10.18154/RWTH-2024-04375 more information
Kreutzer, S., Heimer, T., Nachtigall, H., Pschorn, L., Waiblinger, F., Blind, K., Martin, N., Horvat, D., Grafenstein, M. v., Schweinberg, M., Streblow, R., Du, J. & Schölzel, J. (2024)
Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University. DOI: 10.18154/RWTH-2024-04376 more information
de Macedo Schäfer, N., Schweinberg, M. J., Stenzel, M., & von Grafenstein, M. (2023)
HIIG Discussion Paper Series, 2023(4). DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8297607 more information
Auer, A., von Grafenstein, M., Kruse, L. & de Macedo Schäfer, N. (2023)
HIIG Discussion Paper Series, 2023(5). DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4603704 more information
Bria, F., Blankertz, A., Fernández-Monge, F., Gelhaar, J., Grafenstein, M. v., Haase, A., Kattel, R., Otto, B., Sagarra Pascual, O., & Rackow, L. (2023)
The New Hanse Project Blueprint. more information
Grafenstein, M. (2023)
The New Hanse Report. more information
Frank, R. D., Grafenstein, M. v., & Rothfritz, L. (2022)
Einstein Center Digital Future. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6285549 more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2022)
HIIG Discussion Paper Series, 2022(2). DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7390542 more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2021)
HIIG Discussion Paper Series, 2021(04). DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4905484 more information
Grafenstein, M. v., Pallas, J., & Pohle, J. (2021)
HIIG Discussion Paper Series, 2021(5). DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6325328 more information
Grafenstein, M. v., Heumüller, J., Belgacom, E., Jakobi, T., Smieskol, P., & Wunderlich, L. (2021)
OpenAIRE. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5575447 more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2021)
HIIG Discussion Paper Series, 2021(6). DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6327345 more information
Grafenstein, M. v., & Ulich, A. (2021)
Stiftung für Internet und Gesellschaft. more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2020)
HIIG Discussion Paper Series, 2020(3), 93. more information
Grafenstein, M. v., Jakobi, T. (2019)
Grafenstein, M. v. (2016)
Die Zukunft des Datenschutzes im Kontext von Forschung und Smart Data - Datenschutzgrundprinzipien im Diskurs, 34-37. more information
Raabe, O., Lenk, A. et al. (2015)
Technical Report des BMWi-Technologieprogramms „Smart Data – Innovationen aus Daten“. more information
Dopfer M., Grafenstein, M. v., Richter, N., Schildhauer, T., Tech, R. P. G., Trifonov, S., Wrobel, M. (2015)
HIIG Discussion Paper Series. more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2014)
The Single Market and copyright protection of formats. more information
Pohle, J., Grafenstein, M., & Ulich, A. (2023)
Digital society blog. more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2023)
Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society. more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2023)
TE.MA. more information
Rupp, V., Heumüller, J., & von Grafenstein, M. (2022)
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Grafenstein, M. v. (2017)
Digital Society Blog. more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2017)
Grafenstein, M. v. (2016)
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Grafenstein, M. v. (2015)
Digital Society Blog. more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2015)
Digital Society Blog. more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2015)
Digital Society Blog. more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2015)
iLINC Policy Briefs. more information
Grafenstein, M. v., & Wunderlich, L. (2015)
Zenodo. more information
Grafenstein, M. v. (2014)
Digital Society Blog. more information
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